U.S. colleges returning to campus sexual assault policies created during Trump’s first term
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WASHINGTON — Schools and universities responding to complaints of sexual misconduct must return to policies created during President Trump’s first term, with requirements for live hearings and more protections for accused students, according to new guidance issued Friday by the Education Department.
In a memo to education institutions across the nation, the agency clarified that Title IX, a 1972 law barring discrimination based on sex, will be enforced according to a set of rules created by former Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. The rules govern how complaints of misconduct are investigated and how to settle cases in which students present differing accounts.
DeVos’ rules were welcomed by advocates who said colleges had become too quick to punish students accused of sexual misconduct without a fair trial. But the rules were condemned by victims’ rights groups who said they re-traumatized victims and would deter many from reporting assaults.
Among the most controversial changes was a rule requiring colleges to hold live hearings where accused students could cross-examine their accusers through an advisor. The Biden rule eliminated the requirement and made live hearings optional, though some courts had previously upheld an accused student’s right to cross-examination.
Students accused of sexual misconduct gain stronger protections under controversial new Title IX rules announced by Education Secretary Betsy DeVos.
More broadly, the 2020 policy narrowed the definition of sexual harassment and the scope of cases that schools must address. It also reduced the liability for colleges, holding them responsible only if they acted with “deliberate indifference.”
Colleges already had been returning to DeVos’ 2020 rules in recent weeks after a federal judge in Kentucky overturned the Biden administration’s Title IX rules. The court’s decision effectively ordered a return to the earlier Trump administration rules.
The Biden administration sought to overhaul the rules and to broaden Title IX to protect LGBTQ+ students. It expanded the type of behavior that’s considered sexual harassment — a reversal of the DeVos policy, which used a narrower definition.
But a federal judge in Kentucky overturned Biden’s rule on Jan. 9, saying it was a presidential overstep and violated constitutional free speech rights by telling schools to honor students’ preferred pronouns. The judge, U.S. District Judge Danny C. Reeves, said there was nothing in Title IX suggesting it should cover anything more than it did when Congress created it.
A federal judge ruled President Biden overstepped his authority when his administration rolled out Title IX rules expanding protections for LGBTQ+ students.
Even before the decision, Biden’s rule had been halted in half the states amid legal challenges from Republicans.
The full text of the Title IX law is just 37 words long, but the federal government has added rules over the years explaining how it’s to be interpreted. DeVos’ policy adds 500 pages detailing how schools must address complaints and how the Education Department makes sure schools comply.
Already, the Trump administration has taken a hard turn on its enforcement of Title IX: On Tuesday, the Education Department said it had opened an investigation into Denver schools after the district converted a girl’s restroom into an all-gender restroom while leaving another bathroom exclusive to boys.
The new memo says even investigations that started when Biden’s rules were in effect “should be immediately reoriented to comport fully with the requirements of the 2020 Title IX Rule.”
A statement from the Education Department called Biden’s rules an “egregious slight to women and girls.”
Trump’s new pick for Education secretary is Linda McMahon, a longtime Trump ally known for building the World Wrestling Entertainment professional wrestling empire with her husband, Vince McMahon. Her Senate confirmation hearing has yet to be scheduled.
Binkley writes for the Associated Press.
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